１２月 12 Months

The ones reading this Blog, who are learning Japanese, surely know the 12 months in Japanese by now. They are very simple, since you just combine the numbers of 1 to 12 with month: １月２月...１２月.

Sure, but did you know the month have real names too? They are not used so much anymore, but it is interesting to know about them? Why? Because they tell you a lot about the culture. Take English or German months for example. Have you ever thought where they came from? No?

January: Janus, god of the doorway (Roman mythology)
February: februum, lat. purification (during Roman times, there was a purification ritual held on February 15th)
March: Martius was the first month of the year in Roman times, it was named after the god of war Mars
April: Aprilis was the second month of the year in Roman times. The etymology is uncertain, but maybe derived from lat. aperire = to open up (like the flowers in April)
May: also uncertain but probably based on the Greek fertility goddess Maia (lat. Bona Dea)
June: Juno, the wife of Jupiter head of the Roman pantheon
July: named after Julius Caesar (earlier name was Quintilis, the fifth month of the Roman calender)
August: named after Caesars successor Augustus (earlier name was Sextilis, sixth month of the Roman calender)
September: from lat. septimus = seven (seventh month in the Roman calender)
October: from lat. octo = eight (eighth month in the Roman calender)
November: from lat. novem = nine (ninth month in the Roman calender)
December: frpm lat. decem = ten (tenth month in the Roman calender)

Well now you know. Interesting isn't it, although it sure gets boring after Augustus. Still interesting to see that also the Romans partly used an easy intuitive number system for the month, same as Japanese today. But let's now have a look at the Japanese names, shall we?

1月　睦月　mutsuki　affection month
2月　如月　kisaragi　changing clothes
3月　弥生　yayoi　new life; the beginning of spring
4月　卯月　udsuki　a type of flower blooming in April
5月　皐月　satsuki　a type of flower blooming in May (alpine rose)
6月　水無月　kinatsuki　month of water (無 is inserted for the な na particle of adjectives, so it does not mean month without water, but watery month)
7月　葉月　hadsuki　book month
8月　文月　fudsuki　leaf month
9月　長月　nagatsuki　long month
10月　神無月　kannadsuki　month of gods (無 has the same function as in 6月)
11月　霜月　shimotsuki　frost month
12月　師走　shiwasu　priests run (because they are very busy with all the year-end festivals)

I like how some of the names are both funny and practical. In February you change from winter clothes to spring clothes, so let's call the month: "changing clothes". Or even better December is "priests run", because everyday you can see them run around and make preparations for the year-end festivals.

So why in the world did I stumble across this, you may ask. The reason weighs only a couple of pounds and is very cute. My language exchange partner Nakamura-san became father a couple of weeks ago and he and his wife gave the little baby the name 皐月 Satsuki. Having a curious nature, I asked him what the name means and where it comes from. Well and this started us marveling about English, German (German months have the same origins) and Japanese months.

From the 12 traditional names for month, apparently both 皐月 Satsuki and 弥生 Yayoi are still used for girl names in Japan.

soon Satsuki-chan will be able to leave the hospital, and I am invited to see her :D
mika

長寿祝い Special Birthdays For The Long Lived

Good Day!

Today I am telling you about a really nice little thing in the Japanese language. Once a person gets 60 years old, she/he is considered to have passed all aspects of life on earth once. This is because with 60 you will have experienced all possible combinations of the 10 干 calender signs with the 12 支 zodiac animals. So you count as experienced in life and bound to have gathered some wisdom, that is reason enough to start celebrating certain special birthdays for the long lived getting older than that.

Now the funny thing is, most of those special birthday consist of one Kanji with a certain meaning plus the Kanji for long life 寿 Ju, which curiously enough, you can also find in 寿司 Sushi. Not enough the first Kanji has usually a little Kanji game into it resembling both the age of the birthday and bearing a meaning at the same time.

The 60th birthday itself is celebrated with 還暦 KANREKI, which means just what I explained you above, the 10 干 calender sings and the 12 支 animal circles have been completed once in every possible combination.

Apart from this the birthday Kanji often has this little Kanji game into it, which I mentioned. For example the 77. birthday is called 喜寿 where 喜 KI means enjoy, like, love, joy. So 77 is a very joyful birthday. However the Kanji 喜 was written differently in the 平安時代 Heian Era (794 - 1192).
Back than it was written . 七 means seven, so the Kanji is written like three times seven. Now the Kanji 十 means ten and looks almost like seven. So with some imagination you can see 七十七 in the old version, which means 77. ^_^

Now for some quiz:
Yet another birthday is written 米寿 BEIJU. But at which age do you celebrate BEIJU? For what age does 米 BEI (rice) stand for?
The solution is written below in white color, so just mark the text with your mouse, when you are giving up.

For people not familiar with Japanese/Chinese Kanji, who want to do the Quiz too, here are the Kanji for the numbers from 1 to 100.

1:一　2:二　3:三　4:四　5:五　6:六　7:七　8:八　9:九　10:十　100:百

#######################################
#米 BEI (rice) when written fast and hurriedly looks like
#八
#十
#八
#and thus its the 88th birthday Kanji^_^
#######################################

And one more quiz, the other way round.
The 99th birthday is celebrated with 白寿 HAKUJU, where 白 HAKU means white. But why? The Kanji has no resemblance whatsoever to 99 九十九? Can you guess why 白 HAKU was chosen?

#######################################
#100 in Kanji is 百 HYAKU (100) and 1 is 一 ICHI (1).
#Now if you subtract 1 from 100, you of course get 99.
#So let's do it:
#百 - 一 = 白
#######################################

Here is a table I found with the rest of the special Birthday Kanji.
Some of them are really funny. And you see that they reach as far as 120 大還暦, which means you finished the cycle of life twice and are probably already considered a god or dead ^_^.

満年齢	祝い行事		読み方	長寿祝い名の由来
60歳	還暦		かんれき	十干十二支の暦では60年で一巡するとされ、61歳になって生まれ干支に環る（本卦環り＝ほんけかえり）ことから。
69歳	古希		こき	唐の詩人杜甫の漢詩｢人生七十古希稀なリ｣から採られた。
76歳	喜寿		きじゅ	草書で書いた喜の字が七十七に読めることから。
79歳	傘寿		さんじゅ	傘の略字が八十と読めることから。
87歳	米寿		べいじゅ	米の字を分解すると、八十八と読めることから。
89歳	卒寿		そつじゅ	卒の草書が九十と読めることから。
98歳	白寿		はくじゅ	百から一を取ると白になることから。
99歳	百賀		ひゃくが ももが	文字どおり100歳になったお祝い。
	百寿		ひゃくじゅ ももじゅ
	上寿		じょうじゅ	60歳を下寿、80歳を中寿、100歳を上寿とするのもある。
	紀寿		きじゅ	紀は一世紀のこと。
100歳	百一賀		ひゃくいちが	100歳以上は毎年百二賀・百三賀などとして祝う。
108歳	茶寿		ちゃじゅ	茶の字を分解すると、十が二つと八十八になることから。
109歳	珍寿		ちんじゅ	文字どおり珍しいことから。
110歳	皇寿		こうじゅ	皇の字を分解すると、白（99）と十二になることから。
120歳	大還暦		だいかんれき	二回目の還暦を迎えることから。